redux-state-management（redux 状态管理）

Redux State Management Skill

Overview

Master Redux Toolkit for state management in React applications, including store configuration, slices, async operations, and RTK Query for API state.

Learning Objectives

• Configure Redux store with Redux Toolkit
• Create slices and reducers
• Handle async operations with createAsyncThunk
• Use RTK Query for API data management
• Integrate Redux DevTools

Quick Start

Installation

npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux

Store Setup

// store.js
import { configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import counterReducer from './features/counter/counterSlice';
import userReducer from './features/user/userSlice';

export const store = configureStore({
  reducer: {
    counter: counterReducer,
    user: userReducer
  }
});

// App.jsx
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import { store } from './store';

function App() {
  return (
    <Provider store={store}>
      <YourApp />
    </Provider>
  );
}

Creating Slices

// counterSlice.js
import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';

const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',
  initialState: { value: 0 },
  reducers: {
    increment: (state) => {
      state.value += 1; // Immer allows "mutation"
    },
    decrement: (state) => {
      state.value -= 1;
    },
    incrementByAmount: (state, action) => {
      state.value += action.payload;
    }
  }
});

export const { increment, decrement, incrementByAmount } = counterSlice.actions;
export default counterSlice.reducer;

Using Redux in Components

import { useSelector, useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { increment, decrement } from './counterSlice';

function Counter() {
  const count = useSelector((state) => state.counter.value);
  const dispatch = useDispatch();

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Count: {count}</p>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch(increment())}>+</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch(decrement())}>-</button>
    </div>
  );
}

Async Operations

// userSlice.js
import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';

export const fetchUser = createAsyncThunk(
  'user/fetchUser',
  async (userId) => {
    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${userId}`);
    return response.json();
  }
);

const userSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'user',
  initialState: {
    user: null,
    status: 'idle',
    error: null
  },
  reducers: {},
  extraReducers: (builder) => {
    builder
      .addCase(fetchUser.pending, (state) => {
        state.status = 'loading';
      })
      .addCase(fetchUser.fulfilled, (state, action) => {
        state.status = 'succeeded';
        state.user = action.payload;
      })
      .addCase(fetchUser.rejected, (state, action) => {
        state.status = 'failed';
        state.error = action.error.message;
      });
  }
});

export default userSlice.reducer;

RTK Query

// api.js
import { createApi, fetchBaseQuery } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query/react';

export const api = createApi({
  reducerPath: 'api',
  baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({ baseUrl: '/api' }),
  tagTypes: ['Posts', 'Users'],
  endpoints: (builder) => ({
    getPosts: builder.query({
      query: () => '/posts',
      providesTags: ['Posts']
    }),
    getPost: builder.query({
      query: (id) => `/posts/${id}`,
      providesTags: (result, error, id) => [{ type: 'Posts', id }]
    }),
    addPost: builder.mutation({
      query: (post) => ({
        url: '/posts',
        method: 'POST',
        body: post
      }),
      invalidatesTags: ['Posts']
    }),
    updatePost: builder.mutation({
      query: ({ id, ...patch }) => ({
        url: `/posts/${id}`,
        method: 'PATCH',
        body: patch
      }),
      invalidatesTags: (result, error, { id }) => [{ type: 'Posts', id }]
    })
  })
});

export const {
  useGetPostsQuery,
  useGetPostQuery,
  useAddPostMutation,
  useUpdatePostMutation
} = api;

Using RTK Query in Components

function PostList() {
  const { data: posts, isLoading, error } = useGetPostsQuery();
  const [addPost] = useAddPostMutation();

  if (isLoading) return <div>Loading...</div>;
  if (error) return <div>Error: {error.message}</div>;

  return (
    <div>
      {posts.map(post => (
        <PostCard key={post.id} post={post} />
      ))}
      <button onClick={() => addPost({ title: 'New Post' })}>
        Add Post
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

Practice Exercises

1. Build a todo app with Redux Toolkit
2. Implement user authentication flow
3. Create shopping cart with Redux
4. Build API integration with RTK Query
5. Implement optimistic updates
6. Create normalized state with Entity Adapter

Resources

• Redux Toolkit Docs
• RTK Query Tutorial
• Redux DevTools

Error Handling Patterns

// RTK Query with retry and error handling
const api = createApi({
  baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({
    baseUrl: '/api',
    prepareHeaders: (headers, { getState }) => {
      const token = (getState() as RootState).auth.token;
      if (token) headers.set('authorization', `Bearer ${token}`);
      return headers;
    },
  }),
  endpoints: (builder) => ({
    getData: builder.query({
      query: (id) => `data/${id}`,
      // Retry configuration
      extraOptions: { maxRetries: 3 },
      // Transform error for better handling
      transformErrorResponse: (response) => ({
        status: response.status,
        message: response.data?.message || 'Unknown error',
      }),
    }),
  }),
});

Unit Test Template

import { configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import { api } from './api';

describe('Redux State', () => {
  const wrapper = ({ children }) => (
    <Provider store={configureStore({ reducer: { [api.reducerPath]: api.reducer } })}>
      {children}
    </Provider>
  );

  it('should fetch data successfully', async () => {
    const { result } = renderHook(() => api.useGetDataQuery(1), { wrapper });

    await waitFor(() => expect(result.current.isSuccess).toBe(true));
    expect(result.current.data).toBeDefined();
  });
});

Version: 2.0.0 Last Updated: 2025-12-30 SASMP Version: 2.0.0 Difficulty: Intermediate Estimated Time: 2-3 weeks Prerequisites: React Hooks, State Management Concepts Changelog: Added RTK Query patterns, error handling, and test templates