active-job-coder（活跃的工作编码员）

Active Job Coder

Job Design Principles

1. Single Responsibility

# Good: Focused job
class SendWelcomeEmailJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :default

  def perform(user)
    UserMailer.welcome(user).deliver_now
  end
end

2. Pass IDs, Not Objects

# Good: Pass identifiers
class ProcessOrderJob < ApplicationJob
  def perform(order_id)
    order = Order.find(order_id)
    # Process order
  end
end

3. Queue Configuration

class CriticalNotificationJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :critical
  queue_with_priority 1  # Lower = higher priority
end

class ReportGenerationJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :low_priority
  queue_with_priority 50
end

Error Handling & Retry Strategies

class ExternalApiJob < ApplicationJob
  queue_as :default

  retry_on Net::OpenTimeout, wait: :polynomially_longer, attempts: 5
  retry_on ActiveRecord::Deadlocked, wait: 5.seconds, attempts: 3
  discard_on ActiveJob::DeserializationError

  def perform(record_id)
    record = Record.find(record_id)
    ExternalApi.sync(record)
  end
end

Custom Error Handling

class ImportantJob < ApplicationJob
  rescue_from StandardError do |exception|
    Rails.logger.error("Job failed: #{exception.message}")
    ErrorNotifier.notify(exception, job: self.class.name)
    raise # Re-raise to trigger retry
  end
end

Concurrency Control (Solid Queue)

class ProcessUserDataJob < ApplicationJob
  limits_concurrency key: ->(user_id) { user_id }, duration: 15.minutes

  def perform(user_id)
    user = User.find(user_id)
    # Process user data safely
  end
end

class ContactActionJob < ApplicationJob
  limits_concurrency key: ->(contact) { contact.id },
                     duration: 10.minutes,
                     group: "ContactActions"
end

Scheduling & Delayed Execution

SendReminderJob.perform_later(user)                              # Immediate
SendReminderJob.set(wait: 1.hour).perform_later(user)            # Delayed
SendReminderJob.set(wait_until: Date.tomorrow.noon).perform_later(user)  # Scheduled

# Bulk enqueue
ActiveJob.perform_all_later(users.map { |u| SendReminderJob.new(u.id) })

Anti-Patterns to Avoid

Output Format

When creating or refactoring jobs, provide:

1. Job Class - The complete job implementation
2. Queue Strategy - Recommended queue and priority
3. Error Handling - Retry and failure strategies
4. Testing - Example test cases
5. Considerations - Concurrency, idempotency notes