product-strategy（产品策略）

Product Strategy System

"Strategy is choice, not documentation. If you haven't said no to something, you don't have a strategy."

This skill covers the Strategy System — defining where to play and how to win. It creates the guardrails that make downstream decisions coherent and forces the hard choices most teams avoid.

Part of: Modern Product Operating Model — a collection of composable product skills.

Related skills: product-discovery, product-architecture, product-delivery, ai-native-product, product-leadership

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• Defining or refreshing product strategy
• Creating a 1-page strategy canvas
• Defining ICP and Anti-ICP
• Structuring Jobs to Be Done analysis
• Developing positioning and messaging
• Setting pricing strategy and value metrics
• Planning GTM motion (PLG vs SLG vs Partner)
• Creating strategic bets with hypotheses and kill criteria

Cadence: Quarterly refresh | Owner: Founder/CPO

Philosophy

Core Beliefs

1. Strategy is choice, not documentation — If you haven't said no to something, you don't have a strategy
2. Pricing belongs in strategy, not GTM — Pricing decisions constrain segments, problems, features, and competition
3. Competitive reality shapes everything — Build easy-to-copy features and wonder why you're not winning
4. Non-goals are as important as goals — What you won't do defines focus
5. Moats are built, not found — Strategy should articulate how you become hard to copy

What This Framework Rejects

• Strategy decks nobody reads
• "We serve everyone" positioning
• Pricing as afterthought
• Ignoring competitive dynamics
• Annual planning fiction
• Strategy without non-goals

Framework Components

1. Strategic Intent

What it contains:

• Mission: Why you exist (enduring)
• Objective: What winning looks like in 12-24 months (specific, measurable)
• Non-Goals: What you will NOT do, who you will NOT serve, which problems you will NOT solve

Anti-pattern: If your non-goals list is empty, you don't have a strategy.

0→1 Mode: Mission can be rough. Objective is survival: find PMF. Revisit weekly.

Scaling Mode: Mission is refined and externally communicable. Objectives are financial + strategic.

2. Market & Competitive Reality

What it contains:

Key questions:

• Why do alternatives fail? What's the gap?
• Is this a market where a startup can win?
• Where do value pools exist?
• What creates switching costs?

"If you don't understand competitive dynamics, you'll build features that are easy to copy and wonder why you're not winning."

3. ICP & Anti-ICP

Ideal Customer Profile contains:

• Company characteristics (size, industry, tech stack)
• User roles (buyer, user, influencer, blocker)
• Problem intensity (how painful?)
• Willingness to pay (can they and will they?)
• Urgency (why now?)

Anti-ICP (equally important):

• Who you explicitly won't serve
• Why (wrong economics, wrong fit, wrong timing)

Segmentation dimensions:

• Pain severity
• Frequency of problem
• Willingness to pay
• Buying process complexity

0→1 Mode: Start with ONE ICP, not segments. Talk to 10-20 people who match.

Scaling Mode: Multiple ICPs with clear prioritization. Segment-specific positioning and pricing.

4. Jobs to Be Done & Pain

Three job types:

Pain analysis dimensions:

• Severity: How bad is it?
• Frequency: How often does it occur?
• Workarounds: What do they do today?
• Willingness to change: How much friction will they accept?

How to gather:

• Weekly customer interviews (2-3/week minimum during discovery)
• Support ticket analysis
• Win/loss interviews
• Usage data (what they do vs. what they say)

5. Superpower: Where to Play & How to Win

Where to Play:

• Target segment (specific)
• Core use case / wedge (narrow)
• Geographic focus (if relevant)
• Channel focus (direct, PLG, partner)
• ACV band (what deal sizes?)

How to Win:

• Unique mechanism (what you do differently)
• Moat thesis (why it's hard to copy)
• Proof points (why anyone should believe you)

Moat Categories:

The Strategic Kernel (Rumelt):

1. Diagnosis: What's the crux challenge?
2. Guiding policy: What's your approach?
3. Coherent actions: What specific actions follow?

Test: If a competitor could read your strategy and easily replicate it, it's not a strategy.

6. Positioning & Narrative

Positioning Statement Format:

For [ICP]
Who are [frustrated by / need]
Our product is [category]
That [unique promise]
Unlike [alternatives]
We [key differentiator]

Messaging Hierarchy:

• Primary message (10 words)
• Supporting messages (3 pillars)
• Objection handlers (top 5 concerns)

Proof Points:

• Customer evidence (logos, quotes, case studies)
• Metrics evidence (outcomes achieved)
• Credibility evidence (team, investors, partnerships)

0→1 Mode: Positioning is hypothesis. Keep it simple: "We help X do Y." Iterate weekly.

Scaling Mode: Positioning is stable and documented. Consistent across all channels.

7. Value Creation & Pricing

Value Equation:

Customer Value = (Benefits Gained + Pain Avoided) - (Price + Switching Costs + Risk)

Value Metric Selection Criteria:

• Scales naturally with customer value
• Aligns incentives (you win when they win)
• Simple enough to explain in 30 seconds

Common Value Metrics:

Packaging Principles:

• Good / Better / Best tiers
• Make expansion natural, not forced
• Don't penalize success
• Price on value, not cost

"Pricing is the most powerful lever in business. Yet most PMs treat it as someone else's problem."

0→1 Mode: Run willingness-to-pay conversations early. Start simple: one price, test the market.

Scaling Mode: Value-based pricing model. Tiered packaging. Pricing experiments.

8. Go-To-Market Strategy

GTM Motion Selection:

Growth Loops:

• Viral loops: User invites user
• Content loops: User creates content → attracts users
• Ecosystem loops: Integrations → exposure

Key Definitions:

• Activation: What specific action = "activated user"?
• Expansion: How do customers grow with you?

0→1 Mode: Pick ONE GTM motion. Founder-led sales first (even if PLG).

Scaling Mode: Multiple GTM motions by segment. Specialized teams.

9. Strategic Bets

Bet Format:

Name: [Descriptive name]
Hypothesis: "We believe that [action] will result in [outcome]"
Metric: [How we measure success]
Target: [What number = success]
Timebox: [How long we'll run this]
Kill criteria: [What would cause us to stop]
Scale criteria: [What would cause us to double down]

Bet Categories:

• Value creation bets: New capabilities that solve customer problems
• Growth bets: Acquisition, activation, expansion
• Platform bets: Infrastructure, scalability, efficiency
• Trust bets: Security, performance, compliance
• Moat bets: Building defensibility

Portfolio Balance:

• 70% core (proven, incremental)
• 20% adjacent (related, moderate risk)
• 10% transformational (new, high risk)

Prioritization Principle:

Validate riskiest assumptions first. Don't polish secondary features while your core hypothesis remains unproven.

Primary Output: 1-Page Strategy Canvas

Every strategy system should produce a single-page canvas that captures all key decisions. See templates/strategy-canvas.md for the full template.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ STRATEGY CANVAS: [Product Name]                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ MISSION: [Why we exist]                                         │
│ OBJECTIVE: [What winning looks like, 12-24 months]              │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ICP                       │ ANTI-ICP                            │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ CORE JOB TO BE DONE: [In customer's words]                      │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ WHERE TO PLAY             │ HOW TO WIN                          │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ POSITIONING: [For X, who Y, we are Z, unlike A, we B]           │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ VALUE METRIC              │ GTM MOTION                          │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ STRATEGIC BETS (Top 3)                                          │
│ 1. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
│ 2. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
│ 3. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ NON-GOALS: [What we will NOT do]                                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Templates

This skill includes templates in the templates/ directory:

• strategy-canvas.md — Full 1-page strategy canvas
• icp-scorecard.md — ICP and Anti-ICP definition template
• strategic-bet.md — Bet hypothesis and tracking template
• positioning-statement.md — Positioning and messaging template

Using This Skill with Claude

Ask Claude to:

1. Create a strategy canvas: "Help me create a 1-page strategy canvas for [product]"
2. Define ICP: "Help me define ICP and Anti-ICP for [product/market]"
3. Analyze competition: "Run a 5 Forces analysis for [market]"
4. Structure JTBD: "Help me map Jobs to Be Done for [persona]"
5. Develop positioning: "Create a positioning statement for [product] vs. [competitors]"
6. Set pricing strategy: "Help me think through value metrics and pricing for [product]"
7. Plan GTM motion: "Should [product] be PLG or SLG? Help me decide."
8. Create strategic bets: "Help me structure 3 strategic bets for [objective]"
9. Identify moats: "What moat opportunities exist for [product]?"
10. Challenge strategy: "Review this strategy canvas and identify gaps or weak choices"

Connection to Other Skills

Quick Reference: Strategy Quality Checklist

Before finalizing your strategy, verify:

• Non-goals are explicit — You've said no to something meaningful
• ICP is specific — You could name 10 companies that fit
• Anti-ICP exists — You know who you're NOT serving
• Competitive analysis done — You understand why alternatives fail
• Moat thesis articulated — You know what makes you hard to copy
• Pricing is intentional — Value metric chosen, not defaulted
• GTM motion chosen — PLG, SLG, or Partner (not "all of them")
• Bets have kill criteria — You know when to stop
• Fits on one page — If it doesn't, you don't understand it yet

Sources & Influences

• Richard Rumelt — Good Strategy Bad Strategy, Strategy Kernel
• April Dunford — Obviously Awesome, Positioning
• Marty Cagan — INSPIRED, EMPOWERED
• Teresa Torres — Continuous Discovery Habits
• Gibson Biddle — Product strategy frameworks
• Michael Porter — Competitive Strategy, Five Forces

*Part of the Modern Product Operating Model by Yannick Maurice*