vendor-payment-optimizer（供应商付款优化器）

Vendor Payment Optimizer

Turns your AP aging report into a cash flow weapon. This skill analyzes open vendor invoices, calculates the true annualized ROI of early payment discounts, scores each invoice by priority, and generates an optimized payment queue — so you capture discounts worth capturing and hold cash when you shouldn't pay early.

When to Use

Trigger phrases:

• "Which invoices should we pay early this week?"
• "We have a 2/10 net 30 — is it worth taking the discount?"
• "Optimize our AP payment schedule"
• "What's our cash position if we pay all invoices due this month?"
• "Flag any invoices about to go late"
• "Build a payment priority list from our AP aging"

NOT for:

• Actually sending payments or syncing to bank — use QBO or banking tools
• Vendor contract renegotiation — use contract-review-agent
• Payroll — use payroll-gl-reconciliation
• AR (receivables) — use ar-collections-agent
• Real-time QBO AP sync — use qbo-automation to pull data first, then feed here

Core Concepts

Early Payment Discount Math

The most common discount term is 2/10 net 30: pay within 10 days, get 2% off; otherwise pay in 30 days.

Annualized ROI of taking the discount:

Annualized ROI = (Discount % / (1 - Discount %)) × (365 / (Net Days - Discount Days))

Example: 2/10 net 30
= (0.02 / 0.98) × (365 / 20)
= 0.0204 × 18.25
= 37.2% annualized ROI

Decision rule:

• If annualized ROI > your cost of capital (or opportunity cost of cash) → take the discount
• If annualized ROI < cost of capital → hold cash, pay at net due date
• Typical cost of capital for small business: 8–15%; most 2/10 net 30 discounts are worth taking

Payment Priority Scoring

Score each invoice (0–100) using:

Score = (Discount ROI Weight × 40)
      + (Days-to-Late-Fee Weight × 30)
      + (Vendor Relationship Weight × 20)
      + (Invoice Size Weight × 10)

Workflow

Step 1: AP Aging Input

Accept AP data in any of these formats:

• Pasted table from QBO AP Aging Summary report
• CSV export from accounting software
• Manual entry: vendor, invoice #, amount, due date, discount terms

Minimum fields needed:

Vendor Name | Invoice # | Amount | Invoice Date | Due Date | Terms | Discount Terms

Example input:

Vendor          | Inv #   | Amount    | Due Date   | Terms     | Discount
Acme Supplies   | INV-101 | $5,200    | 2026-03-22 | Net 30    | 2/10
Tech Services   | INV-205 | $12,000   | 2026-03-25 | Net 45    | None
Office Depot    | INV-089 | $840      | 2026-03-19 | Net 30    | 1/10
Contractor LLC  | INV-312 | $18,500   | 2026-04-01 | Net 60    | None
Cloud Hosting   | INV-410 | $3,200    | 2026-03-20 | Net 30    | 2/10

Step 2: Discount Opportunity Analysis

For each invoice with discount terms, calculate:

DISCOUNT ANALYSIS — [Vendor] [Invoice #]

Invoice Amount:       $X,XXX
Discount Terms:       2/10 net 30
Discount Amount:      $XX.XX (2% of invoice)
Payment if early:     $X,XXX - $XX = $X,XXX
Days to discount exp: X days
Days to net due:      X days

Annualized ROI:       XX.X%
Recommendation:       TAKE / SKIP
Reason:               [ROI vs. cost of capital analysis]
Cash impact:          Pay $X,XXX today vs. $X,XXX in X days

Step 3: Payment Priority Queue

Output a ranked payment list:

PAYMENT PRIORITY QUEUE — [Date]
Cash Available for AP This Week: $[amount] (enter or estimate)

RANK | VENDOR          | INV #   | AMOUNT   | DUE DATE   | DISCOUNT | SCORE | ACTION
-----|-----------------|---------|----------|------------|----------|-------|-------
  1  | Cloud Hosting   | INV-410 | $3,136*  | 2026-03-20 | 2/10 ✓  |  94   | PAY TODAY — discount exp. tomorrow
  2  | Office Depot    | INV-089 | $831.60* | 2026-03-19 | 1/10 ✓  |  91   | PAY TODAY — overdue risk
  3  | Acme Supplies   | INV-101 | $5,096*  | 2026-03-22 | 2/10 ✓  |  87   | PAY BY 3/22 for discount
  4  | Tech Services   | INV-205 | $12,000  | 2026-03-25 | None    |  62   | PAY BY DUE DATE
  5  | Contractor LLC  | INV-312 | $18,500  | 2026-04-01 | None    |  41   | HOLD — due in 15 days

* = discount-adjusted amount

Step 4: Cash Flow Impact Summary

AP CASH FLOW SUMMARY

Total Open AP:              $39,740
Invoices due this week:     $21,236
Discount savings available: $186.40 (if all discounts taken)

Scenario A — Pay all discounts now + hold rest:
  Cash out this week:       $9,063.60
  Cash out by month-end:    $30,503.60
  Discount savings:         $186.40

Scenario B — Pay only what's overdue:
  Cash out this week:       $3,200
  Late fee risk:            Office Depot INV-089 (already at due date)

Scenario C — Pay everything now:
  Cash out today:           $39,553.60 (with all discounts)
  Cash freed from AP:       $39,740 obligation cleared

RECOMMENDATION: Scenario A — capture $186 in discounts, preserve $30k for week 2+

Step 5: Late Payment Risk Flags

⚠️ LATE PAYMENT ALERTS

CRITICAL (0-2 days to due):
  - Office Depot INV-089: DUE TODAY — $840. Pay now or incur late fee.
  - Cloud Hosting INV-410: Due tomorrow — discount expires in 1 day.

WARNING (3-7 days to due):
  - Acme Supplies INV-101: Due in 4 days. Discount expires in 4 days.

WATCH (8-14 days):
  - Tech Services INV-205: Due in 8 days. No discount. Monitor cash.

NO URGENCY (15+ days):
  - Contractor LLC INV-312: Due in 15 days. Hold.

Advanced Features

Stretching Payment Terms (Ethically)

When cash is tight, identify which vendors are safe to pay at the tail end of net terms:

PAYMENT STRETCH ANALYSIS

Vendor: [Name]
Current terms: Net 30
Grace period (if any): 5 days (industry standard)
Relationship risk: LOW (long-term vendor, no prior issues)
Maximum safe payment date: Day 35 without relationship damage
Savings from stretching: [Interest on held cash for 5 days]

Vendor: [Name]
Current terms: Net 30
Relationship risk: HIGH (new vendor, critical sole-source supplier)
Recommendation: DO NOT STRETCH — pay on time

Dynamic Discounting Offers

When you have excess cash and want to negotiate discounts with vendors who don't offer them:

DYNAMIC DISCOUNT PROPOSAL — [Vendor]

Current terms: Net 30, no discount
Proposed: Pay in 5 days for 1.5% discount
Your annualized cost: 12.2% (worth it at our hurdle rate)
Vendor benefit: Early cash, improved their cash flow
Script: "We'd love to settle INV-[X] today if you can extend a 1.5% early-pay discount."

Vendor Spend Concentration Report

Identify AP risk concentration:

VENDOR CONCENTRATION — Last 90 Days

Top vendors by spend:
  1. [Vendor A]: $45,200 (38% of AP)  ← concentration risk
  2. [Vendor B]: $22,100 (18%)
  3. [Vendor C]: $15,800 (13%)
  4. All others: $37,000 (31%)

Risk flag: Single vendor >30% of AP = supply chain dependency
Recommendation: Qualify backup vendor for [Vendor A]'s category

Output Formats

Weekly AP Decision Brief (default)

Short, actionable: what to pay, by when, and why. Fits in one screen.

Full AP Analysis Report

Comprehensive with all scenarios, discount math, vendor concentrations. For CFO/board review.

CSV Payment Queue

For importing into QBO or banking batch payment tools:

Vendor,Invoice,AmountToPay,PayBy,DiscountTaken,Notes
Cloud Hosting,INV-410,3136.00,2026-03-19,Yes (2%),Discount expires tomorrow
Office Depot,INV-089,831.60,2026-03-19,Yes (1%),Due today
...

Usage Examples

Example 1: Quick Weekly Scan

Input: "Here's my AP aging. What should I pay this week? Cash available: $15k."

Agent output:

1. Parses AP data
2. Flags overdue and discount-expiring invoices
3. Calculates discount ROIs
4. Returns priority queue capped at $15k cash
5. Shows total discount savings captured

Example 2: Discount Decision

Input: "We got an invoice for $8,500 with 2/10 net 30. We have cash. Should we take it?"

Agent output:

2/10 net 30 Discount Analysis — $8,500 invoice

Discount amount:    $170.00
Pay now:            $8,330
Hold 20 more days:  $8,500

Annualized ROI of taking discount: 37.2%
Your implied cost of capital:      ~10-12%

VERDICT: TAKE THE DISCOUNT ✓
You're earning 37.2% annualized by paying $8,330 today vs $8,500 in 20 days.
That beats any savings account or short-term investment.

Example 3: Cash Constraint Scenario

Input: "I only have $5k available. I have $20k in AP due this week. What's the triage?"

Agent output:

1. Ranks invoices by criticality (late fee risk + vendor relationship)
2. Identifies which $5k subset to pay to avoid the most damage
3. Flags which vendors to contact proactively about delayed payment
4. Suggests script for requesting payment extension from lowest-risk vendors

Integration Points

• qbo-automation — Pull live AP aging data from QuickBooks to feed this skill
• thirteen-week-cash-flow — Feed payment queue output into 13-week cash model
• ar-collections-agent — Pair AP optimization with AR acceleration for complete cash cycle management
• kpi-alert-system — Trigger alerts when AP aging shows invoices approaching due dates
• financial-analysis-agent — Use vendor spend data for cost analysis and budget variance

Key Formulas Reference

Annualized Discount ROI = (d / (1-d)) × (365 / (net_days - discount_days))
  where d = discount rate (e.g., 0.02 for 2%)

Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) = (AP Balance / COGS) × Days in Period
  Healthy range: 30-60 days (industry-dependent)

Cash Conversion Cycle = DSO + DIO - DPO
  (Days Sales Outstanding + Days Inventory Outstanding - Days Payable Outstanding)
  Lower = more efficient cash cycle

Payment Stretch Savings = Invoice × (1 + risk_free_rate)^(stretch_days/365) - Invoice
  (Small but meaningful at scale)

Privacy & Compliance Notes

• AP data contains sensitive vendor relationships and pricing — never share externally
• Payment timing decisions should be reviewed by Irfan for amounts >$10k
• Document all payment decisions with rationale for audit trail
• Never pay invoices directly from this skill — outputs are decision support only