Project KPI Dashboard
Business Case
Problem Statement
Project stakeholders struggle with:
- Scattered data across multiple systems
- Delayed reporting on project health
- No real-time visibility into KPIs
- Inconsistent metric definitions
Solution
Centralized KPI dashboard that aggregates data from multiple sources and presents key metrics with drill-down capabilities.
Business Value
- Real-time visibility - Live project health status
- Data-driven decisions - Actionable insights
- Stakeholder alignment - Single source of truth
- Early warning - Proactive issue detection
Technical Implementation
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta
from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
class KPIStatus(Enum):
"""KPI health status."""
ON_TRACK = "on_track"
AT_RISK = "at_risk"
CRITICAL = "critical"
UNKNOWN = "unknown"
class KPICategory(Enum):
"""KPI categories."""
SCHEDULE = "schedule"
COST = "cost"
QUALITY = "quality"
SAFETY = "safety"
PRODUCTIVITY = "productivity"
SUSTAINABILITY = "sustainability"
@dataclass
class KPIMetric:
"""Single KPI metric."""
name: str
category: KPICategory
current_value: float
target_value: float
unit: str
status: KPIStatus
trend: str # up, down, stable
last_updated: datetime
description: str = ""
@property
def variance(self) -> float:
"""Calculate variance from target."""
if self.target_value == 0:
return 0
return ((self.current_value - self.target_value) / self.target_value) * 100
@property
def achievement(self) -> float:
"""Calculate achievement percentage."""
if self.target_value == 0:
return 0
return (self.current_value / self.target_value) * 100
@dataclass
class DashboardConfig:
"""Dashboard configuration."""
project_name: str
project_code: str
start_date: date
end_date: date
budget: float
currency: str = "USD"
refresh_interval_minutes: int = 15
class ProjectKPIDashboard:
"""Construction project KPI dashboard."""
# Standard thresholds for RAG status
THRESHOLDS = {
'schedule': {'green': 0.95, 'amber': 0.85},
'cost': {'green': 1.05, 'amber': 1.15},
'quality': {'green': 0.98, 'amber': 0.95},
'safety': {'green': 0, 'amber': 1} # incident count
}
def __init__(self, config: DashboardConfig):
self.config = config
self.metrics: Dict[str, KPIMetric] = {}
self.history: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
def add_metric(self, metric: KPIMetric):
"""Add or update a KPI metric."""
self.metrics[metric.name] = metric
self._record_history(metric)
def _record_history(self, metric: KPIMetric):
"""Record metric history for trending."""
self.history.append({
'name': metric.name,
'value': metric.current_value,
'timestamp': metric.last_updated,
'status': metric.status.value
})
def calculate_schedule_kpis(self,
planned_activities: int,
completed_activities: int,
planned_duration_days: int,
actual_duration_days: int) -> List[KPIMetric]:
"""Calculate schedule-related KPIs."""
# Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
spi = completed_activities / planned_activities if planned_activities > 0 else 0
spi_status = self._get_status(spi, 'schedule')
# Schedule Variance
sv = completed_activities - planned_activities
# Percent Complete
pct_complete = (completed_activities / planned_activities * 100) if planned_activities > 0 else 0
metrics = [
KPIMetric(
name="Schedule Performance Index",
category=KPICategory.SCHEDULE,
current_value=round(spi, 2),
target_value=1.0,
unit="ratio",
status=spi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Schedule Performance Index"),
last_updated=datetime.now(),
description="SPI = Earned Value / Planned Value"
),
KPIMetric(
name="Percent Complete",
category=KPICategory.SCHEDULE,
current_value=round(pct_complete, 1),
target_value=100,
unit="%",
status=spi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Percent Complete"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
),
KPIMetric(
name="Schedule Variance",
category=KPICategory.SCHEDULE,
current_value=sv,
target_value=0,
unit="activities",
status=spi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Schedule Variance"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
)
]
for m in metrics:
self.add_metric(m)
return metrics
def calculate_cost_kpis(self,
budgeted_cost: float,
actual_cost: float,
earned_value: float) -> List[KPIMetric]:
"""Calculate cost-related KPIs."""
# Cost Performance Index (CPI)
cpi = earned_value / actual_cost if actual_cost > 0 else 0
cpi_status = self._get_status(cpi, 'cost', inverse=True)
# Cost Variance
cv = earned_value - actual_cost
# Budget utilization
budget_used = (actual_cost / budgeted_cost * 100) if budgeted_cost > 0 else 0
metrics = [
KPIMetric(
name="Cost Performance Index",
category=KPICategory.COST,
current_value=round(cpi, 2),
target_value=1.0,
unit="ratio",
status=cpi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Cost Performance Index"),
last_updated=datetime.now(),
description="CPI = Earned Value / Actual Cost"
),
KPIMetric(
name="Cost Variance",
category=KPICategory.COST,
current_value=round(cv, 2),
target_value=0,
unit=self.config.currency,
status=cpi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Cost Variance"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
),
KPIMetric(
name="Budget Utilization",
category=KPICategory.COST,
current_value=round(budget_used, 1),
target_value=100,
unit="%",
status=cpi_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Budget Utilization"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
)
]
for m in metrics:
self.add_metric(m)
return metrics
def calculate_quality_kpis(self,
total_inspections: int,
passed_inspections: int,
rework_items: int,
total_items: int) -> List[KPIMetric]:
"""Calculate quality-related KPIs."""
# First Pass Yield
fpy = passed_inspections / total_inspections if total_inspections > 0 else 0
fpy_status = self._get_status(fpy, 'quality')
# Rework Rate
rework_rate = rework_items / total_items * 100 if total_items > 0 else 0
metrics = [
KPIMetric(
name="First Pass Yield",
category=KPICategory.QUALITY,
current_value=round(fpy * 100, 1),
target_value=98,
unit="%",
status=fpy_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("First Pass Yield"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
),
KPIMetric(
name="Rework Rate",
category=KPICategory.QUALITY,
current_value=round(rework_rate, 1),
target_value=2,
unit="%",
status=fpy_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Rework Rate"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
)
]
for m in metrics:
self.add_metric(m)
return metrics
def calculate_safety_kpis(self,
incidents: int,
near_misses: int,
worked_hours: float,
safety_observations: int) -> List[KPIMetric]:
"""Calculate safety-related KPIs."""
# TRIR (Total Recordable Incident Rate)
trir = (incidents * 200000) / worked_hours if worked_hours > 0 else 0
trir_status = KPIStatus.ON_TRACK if incidents == 0 else (
KPIStatus.AT_RISK if incidents <= 2 else KPIStatus.CRITICAL
)
# LTIR (Lost Time Incident Rate)
ltir = (incidents * 1000000) / worked_hours if worked_hours > 0 else 0
metrics = [
KPIMetric(
name="TRIR",
category=KPICategory.SAFETY,
current_value=round(trir, 2),
target_value=0,
unit="per 200k hrs",
status=trir_status,
trend=self._calculate_trend("TRIR"),
last_updated=datetime.now(),
description="Total Recordable Incident Rate"
),
KPIMetric(
name="Safety Observations",
category=KPICategory.SAFETY,
current_value=safety_observations,
target_value=50,
unit="count",
status=KPIStatus.ON_TRACK if safety_observations >= 50 else KPIStatus.AT_RISK,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Safety Observations"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
),
KPIMetric(
name="Near Miss Reports",
category=KPICategory.SAFETY,
current_value=near_misses,
target_value=10,
unit="count",
status=KPIStatus.ON_TRACK,
trend=self._calculate_trend("Near Miss Reports"),
last_updated=datetime.now()
)
]
for m in metrics:
self.add_metric(m)
return metrics
def _get_status(self, value: float, category: str, inverse: bool = False) -> KPIStatus:
"""Determine RAG status based on thresholds."""
thresholds = self.THRESHOLDS.get(category, {'green': 0.95, 'amber': 0.85})
if inverse:
if value >= thresholds['green']:
return KPIStatus.ON_TRACK
elif value >= thresholds['amber']:
return KPIStatus.AT_RISK
else:
return KPIStatus.CRITICAL
else:
if value >= thresholds['green']:
return KPIStatus.ON_TRACK
elif value >= thresholds['amber']:
return KPIStatus.AT_RISK
else:
return KPIStatus.CRITICAL
def _calculate_trend(self, metric_name: str) -> str:
"""Calculate trend based on historical data."""
history = [h for h in self.history if h['name'] == metric_name]
if len(history) < 2:
return "stable"
recent = history[-1]['value']
previous = history[-2]['value']
if recent > previous * 1.02:
return "up"
elif recent < previous * 0.98:
return "down"
return "stable"
def get_dashboard_summary(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Generate dashboard summary."""
by_category = {}
for metric in self.metrics.values():
cat = metric.category.value
if cat not in by_category:
by_category[cat] = []
by_category[cat].append({
'name': metric.name,
'value': metric.current_value,
'target': metric.target_value,
'unit': metric.unit,
'status': metric.status.value,
'trend': metric.trend,
'variance': round(metric.variance, 1)
})
# Overall health
statuses = [m.status for m in self.metrics.values()]
critical_count = sum(1 for s in statuses if s == KPIStatus.CRITICAL)
at_risk_count = sum(1 for s in statuses if s == KPIStatus.AT_RISK)
if critical_count > 0:
overall = "CRITICAL"
elif at_risk_count > 2:
overall = "AT_RISK"
else:
overall = "ON_TRACK"
return {
'project': self.config.project_name,
'project_code': self.config.project_code,
'generated_at': datetime.now().isoformat(),
'overall_health': overall,
'metrics_count': len(self.metrics),
'critical_count': critical_count,
'at_risk_count': at_risk_count,
'kpis_by_category': by_category
}
def export_to_dataframe(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
"""Export all KPIs to DataFrame."""
data = []
for metric in self.metrics.values():
data.append({
'KPI': metric.name,
'Category': metric.category.value,
'Current': metric.current_value,
'Target': metric.target_value,
'Unit': metric.unit,
'Variance %': round(metric.variance, 1),
'Status': metric.status.value,
'Trend': metric.trend,
'Last Updated': metric.last_updated
})
return pd.DataFrame(data)Quick Start
from datetime import date
# Configure dashboard
config = DashboardConfig(
project_name="Office Tower Construction",
project_code="PRJ-2024-001",
start_date=date(2024, 1, 1),
end_date=date(2025, 12, 31),
budget=50000000,
currency="USD"
)
# Initialize dashboard
dashboard = ProjectKPIDashboard(config)
# Calculate schedule KPIs
dashboard.calculate_schedule_kpis(
planned_activities=100,
completed_activities=85,
planned_duration_days=180,
actual_duration_days=195
)
# Calculate cost KPIs
dashboard.calculate_cost_kpis(
budgeted_cost=25000000,
actual_cost=24500000,
earned_value=24000000
)
# Get summary
summary = dashboard.get_dashboard_summary()
print(f"Overall Health: {summary['overall_health']}")Common Use Cases
1. Weekly Executive Report
df = dashboard.export_to_dataframe()
critical = df[df['Status'] == 'critical']
print(f"Critical KPIs requiring attention: {len(critical)}")2. Trend Analysis
# Get historical data for a metric
spi_history = [h for h in dashboard.history if h['name'] == 'Schedule Performance Index']3. Multi-Project Dashboard
projects = []
for project_config in project_configs:
dash = ProjectKPIDashboard(project_config)
# ... calculate KPIs
projects.append(dash.get_dashboard_summary())Resources
- DDC Book: Chapter 4.1 - Construction Analytics
- Reference: PMI Earned Value Management