git-commit-helper（git 提交助手）

Git Commit Helper

Overview

Enforce conventional commit standards, guide semantic versioning decisions, generate changelogs, and ensure commit message quality. This skill provides a structured approach to version control communication that enables automated tooling and clear project history.

Phase 1: Analyze Changes

Analyze the staged diff to understand what was changed:

git diff --cached --stat
git diff --cached

1. Identify the files and modules affected
2. Determine the nature of the change (new feature, bug fix, refactoring, etc.)
3. Check if the change is breaking (API changes, removed features, changed contracts)

STOP — Do NOT write a commit message until you understand the full scope of changes.

Phase 2: Classify and Compose

Commit Type Decision Table

Conventional Commit Format

<type>(<scope>): <description>

[optional body]

[optional footer(s)]

Scope Guidelines

Scope should identify the area of the codebase affected:

Rules:

• Lowercase, kebab-case
• Keep consistent within a project
• Optional but recommended for projects with 10+ files changed regularly
• Omit scope for truly cross-cutting changes

Description Rules

• Use imperative mood: "add" not "added" or "adds"
• No capital first letter
• No period at the end
• Maximum 72 characters (type + scope + description combined)
• Describe WHAT changed, not HOW

Phase 3: Write the Commit Message

Body Guidelines

feat(cart): add quantity update functionality

Users can now change item quantities directly in the cart
without removing and re-adding items. The quantity selector
supports values from 1 to 99 with real-time price updates.

Closes #234

• Wrap at 72 characters
• Explain WHY the change was made (motivation)
• Explain WHAT changed at a high level
• Use blank line to separate from description and footer

Breaking Changes

feat(api)!: change user endpoint response format

BREAKING CHANGE: The /api/users endpoint now returns a paginated
response object instead of a plain array. Clients must update
to read from the `data` field.

Migration guide:
- Before: const users = await fetch('/api/users').json()
- After:  const { data: users } = await fetch('/api/users').json()

Two ways to indicate breaking changes:

1. ! after type/scope: feat(api)!: description
2. BREAKING CHANGE: footer (provides space for migration details)

Both trigger a MAJOR version bump.

STOP — Present the commit message to the user for approval before committing.

Phase 4: Assess Version Impact

Semantic Versioning (SemVer): MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH

Version Bumping Rules

Commits since last release:
  fix(auth): handle expired tokens       -> PATCH
  feat(search): add fuzzy matching       -> MINOR (overrides PATCH)
  fix(ui): correct button alignment      -> already MINOR
  feat(api)!: change response format     -> MAJOR (overrides MINOR)

Result: MAJOR bump (highest wins)

Pre-Release Versions

1.0.0-alpha.1    -> Early testing
1.0.0-beta.1     -> Feature complete, testing
1.0.0-rc.1       -> Release candidate
1.0.0            -> Stable release

Initial Development (0.x.y)

• 0.1.0: First usable version
• 0.x.y: API is not stable; MINOR can include breaking changes
• 1.0.0: First stable release; SemVer rules fully apply

Phase 5: Generate Changelog (if applicable)

CHANGELOG.md Format

# Changelog

## [1.2.0] - 2025-03-15

### Added
- Fuzzy search matching for product catalog (#234)
- Bulk export functionality for reports (#245)

### Fixed
- Handle expired authentication tokens gracefully (#230)
- Correct button alignment on mobile viewports (#232)

### Changed
- Update TypeScript to 5.4 (#240)

## [1.1.0] - 2025-02-28
...

Commit Type to Changelog Section Mapping

Automation Tools

Commit Message Quality Checklist

Must Pass

• Uses conventional commit format (type(scope): description)
• Type is from the allowed list
• Description uses imperative mood
• Description is under 72 characters total
• No period at end of description
• Breaking changes are clearly marked

Should Pass

• Scope accurately identifies the affected area
• Body explains WHY, not just WHAT (for non-trivial changes)
• References issue/ticket number (Closes #123, Refs #456)
• Single logical change per commit (atomic commits)
• No "WIP" or "temp" commits in main branch history

Commit Splitting Guide

When to Split Decision Table

How to Split

# Interactive staging for partial commits
git add -p                    # Stage hunks interactively
git add path/to/specific/file # Stage specific files

# Example: split refactor + feature
git add src/utils/date.ts
git commit -m "refactor(utils): extract date formatting helpers"

git add src/components/DatePicker.tsx src/components/DatePicker.test.tsx
git commit -m "feat(ui): add date range picker component"

Anti-Patterns / Common Mistakes

Integration Points

Skill Type

FLEXIBLE — Conventional commit format is strongly recommended but can be adapted to existing project conventions. Version bumping rules are deterministic when conventional commits are used. Changelog sections map directly from commit types.