makepad-2.0-vector（化妆板 2 0 向量）

Makepad 2.0 Vector Graphics Skill

Version: makepad-widgets (dev branch) | Last Updated: 2026-03-03

Overview

The Vector widget renders resolution-independent vector graphics using SVG-like syntax. It supports paths, shapes, gradients, filters, groups, transforms, and property animation via Tween.

Two ways to use SVG in Splash:

• Vector{} - Define shapes inline in Splash (paths, rects, circles, etc.)
• Svg{} - Load external .svg files via crate_resource() or http_resource(), with optional animation and custom GPU shaders

Documentation

Refer to the local files for detailed documentation:

• ./references/vector-reference.md - Complete Vector API, shapes, gradients, filters, animation

Basic Usage

Vector{
    width: 48 height: 48
    viewbox: vec4(0 0 24 24)
    Path{
        d: "M12 2L2 7l10 5 10-5-10-5zM2 17l10 5 10-5M2 12l10 5 10-5"
        fill: false
        stroke: #4488ff
        stroke_width: 2.0
        stroke_linecap: "round"
        stroke_linejoin: "round"
    }
}

Key Properties

CRITICAL: Shape Properties vs Widget Properties

**Vector shapes use SVG-style properties, NOT draw_bg.* widget properties:**

// CORRECT — SVG properties
Path{d:"M 0 0 L 10 10" stroke:#x66aaff stroke_width:2.5}
Circle{cx:10 cy:10 r:5 fill:#x44ddaa}

// WRONG — these do nothing on Vector shapes!
Path{d:"..." draw_bg.stroke_color:#x66aaff draw_bg.stroke_width:2.}
Circle{cx:10 cy:10 r:5 draw_bg.fill_color:#x44ddaa}

Shape Types

Path (SVG path data)

Path{
    d: "M10 10 L20 20 L10 20 Z"
    fill: #f00
    stroke: #000
    stroke_width: 1.5
}

Built-in Shapes

Rect{x: 0 y: 0 width: 100 height: 50 fill: #f00 rx: 5}
Circle{cx: 50 cy: 50 r: 25 fill: #00f}
Ellipse{cx: 50 cy: 30 rx: 40 ry: 20 fill: #0f0}
Line{x1: 0 y1: 0 x2: 100 y2: 100 stroke: #fff stroke_width: 2}
Polyline{points: "0,0 50,25 100,0" fill: false stroke: #fff}
Polygon{points: "50,0 100,100 0,100" fill: #f0f}

Gradients

Linear Gradient

Gradient{
    id: "myGrad"
    x1: 0 y1: 0 x2: 1 y2: 1
    Stop{offset: 0 color: #ff0000}
    Stop{offset: 1 color: #0000ff}
}
Path{d: "..." fill: "url(#myGrad)"}

Radial Gradient

RadGradient{
    id: "radGrad"
    cx: 0.5 cy: 0.5 r: 0.5
    Stop{offset: 0 color: #ffffff}
    Stop{offset: 1 color: #000000}
}

Groups & Transforms

Group{
    transform: "translate(10 20) rotate(45 50 50)"
    opacity: 0.8

    Circle{cx: 0 cy: 0 r: 10 fill: #f00}
    Rect{x: 20 y: 0 width: 20 height: 20 fill: #0f0}
}

Filters

Filter{
    id: "shadow"
    DropShadow{dx: 2 dy: 2 blur: 4 color: #0008}
}
Path{d: "..." fill: #fff filter: "url(#shadow)"}

Tween Animation (SVG Property Animation)

CRITICAL: Tween is a property value, NOT a container. It replaces a shape property (fill, stroke, opacity, cx, cy, r, etc.) with an animated value.

Basic Syntax

// Animate opacity (pulse effect)
Circle{cx:8 cy:8 r:6 fill:#x44ddaa opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 loop_:true}}

// Animate position (moving dot)
Circle{cx:Tween{from:20 to:380 dur:3.0 loop_:true} cy:25 r:5 fill:#x66aaff}

// Animate color
Circle{fill:Tween{from:#x44ddaa to:#x6688dd dur:3.0 loop_:true} cx:10 cy:10 r:8}

// Animate stroke
Path{d:"M 0 0 L 100 0" stroke:Tween{from:#x333333 to:#x66aaff dur:2.0 loop_:true} stroke_width:2.}

CRITICAL: loop_ Must Be Boolean

// CORRECT — indefinite loop
opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 loop_:true}

// CORRECT — play 3 times
opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 loop_:3.0}

// WRONG — string doesn't trigger Indefinite, plays only once!
opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 loop_:"indefinite"}

Tween Properties

Animatable Properties

Any shape property can be animated with Tween:

• fill, stroke — color animation
• stroke_width, opacity, stroke_opacity — float animation
• cx, cy, r (Circle) — position/size animation
• d (Path) — path morphing animation

Common Patterns

Pulsing indicator:

Vector{width:16 height:16
  Circle{cx:8 cy:8 r:6 fill:#x44ddaa opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 loop_:true}}
}

Moving dot along a line:

Vector{width:Fill height:40
  Path{d:"M 20 20 L 380 20" stroke:#x333355 stroke_width:1.}
  Circle{cx:Tween{from:20 to:380 dur:3.0 loop_:true} cy:20 r:4 fill:Tween{from:#x44ddaa to:#xffaa44 dur:3.0 loop_:true}}
}

Delayed sequential animation:

Circle{cx:8 cy:8 r:6 fill:#x44ddaa opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 begin:0.0 loop_:true}}
Circle{cx:8 cy:8 r:6 fill:#xffaa44 opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 begin:0.5 loop_:true}}
Circle{cx:8 cy:8 r:6 fill:#x6688dd opacity:Tween{from:0.3 to:1.0 dur:1.5 begin:1.0 loop_:true}}

Tween vs Animator

Icon Pattern (Common)

Most Vector widgets in Makepad 2.0 are used as icons with SVG paths:

let IconCheck = Vector{width: 18 height: 18 viewbox: vec4(0 0 24 24)
    Path{d: "M20 6L9 17L4 12" fill: false stroke: theme.color_highlight stroke_width: 2.5
        stroke_linecap: "round" stroke_linejoin: "round"}
}

let IconTrash = Vector{width: 14 height: 14 viewbox: vec4(0 0 24 24)
    Path{d: "M3 6h18M8 6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2M19 6v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6" fill: false stroke: theme.color_label_inner_inactive stroke_width: 1.8 stroke_linecap: "round" stroke_linejoin: "round"}
}

Use with theme colors for consistent styling across light/dark modes.

Vector vs Svg vs SDF2D

Use Vector{} for: Inline icons, illustrations, programmatic vector graphics Use Svg{} for: Loading pre-made SVG files, complex SVG assets, SVG from URLs Use SDF2D for: Animated shapes, hover effects, custom widget backgrounds

Hex Color Escape

When using hex colors containing the letter 'e', prefix with #x:

// WRONG - parser misreads 'e' as exponent
stroke: #2ecc71

// CORRECT
stroke: #x2ecc71

Best Practices

1. Use viewbox to define coordinate space independent of widget size
2. Use theme colors for icon strokes/fills for dark/light mode support
3. Use let bindings for reusable icon definitions
4. Keep paths simple - Complex SVG paths can impact performance
5. Use fill: false for outline-only icons (most common pattern)
6. Set stroke_linecap: "round" for cleaner line endings on icons