commit（提交）

Commit Best Practices

This skill ensures your commits are logical, atomic, and structured perfectly. A commit is not just a save point; it is a communication tool for future developers (and AI agents) to understand the *history* and *intent* of a codebase.

🧠 Mindset & Philosophy

• Communicate Intent, Not Just Mechanics: The code already tells us *what* changed. The commit message must tell us *why* it changed.
• Atomic Commits: A commit should do exactly one thing. If a commit fixes a bug AND adds a feature, it should be two commits. This makes reverting, rebasing, and reviewing significantly easier.
• The Audience is the Future: Write commit messages as if you are explaining the change to someone debugging an issue at 3 AM six months from now.

🚫 Anti-Patterns (NEVER Do These)

• NEVER describe what the code does in the body. Do not write "I added an if statement on line 42." Write "Added a null check to prevent a crash when the user profile is missing."
• NEVER use emojis in commit messages. This ensures compatibility across all terminal environments and maintains a uniform, professional, greppable git history.
• NEVER use vague subjects. "Fix bug", "Update files", "WIP" are useless. They provide zero context when looking at git log --oneline.
• NEVER bundle unrelated changes. If you noticed a typo in README.md while working on the auth system, commit the typo fix separately from the auth feature.
• NEVER commit without reviewing your own diff first. Always run git diff --cached or review the staged changes to ensure no debugging statements (console.log, print) or secrets are accidentally included.

📝 Procedures & Workflow

Before creating a commit, follow these steps:

1. Review the Diff: What exactly are you committing? Are there unrelated changes?
2. Determine the Type: Select the most appropriate Conventional Commit type.
3. Draft the Message: Write the subject line, and if necessary, a detailed body explaining the *why*.
4. Co-Authors: Append Co-authored-by: for the AI Agent and the user at the end of the commit message body.
5. Validate: Verify your drafted message format against the requirements.

🏷️ Conventional Commits Format

Format: <type>[optional scope][optional!]: <description>

Valid Types

• feat: A new feature
• fix: A bug fix
• docs: Documentation only changes
• style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, missing semi-colons, etc)
• refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
• perf: A code change that improves performance
• test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
• build: Changes that affect the build system or external dependencies
• ci: Changes to CI configuration files and scripts
• chore: Other changes that don't modify src or test files
• revert: Reverts a previous commit

Subject Line Rules

• Must be 50 characters or less.
• Must use the imperative, present tense: "change" not "changed" nor "changes".
• Do NOT capitalize the first letter.
• Do NOT place a period at the end.

Body Rules (Optional but Recommended for Complex Changes)

• Must be separated from the subject line by a single blank line.
• Wrap lines at 72 characters.
• Explain *what* and *why* vs. *how*.

Breaking Changes

• Add ! before the colon in the subject line (e.g., feat(api)!: remove v1 endpoints).
• Include BREAKING CHANGE: <description> at the very end of the body.

💡 Examples

Example 1: New feature Input: Added user authentication with JWT tokens Output:

feat(auth): implement JWT-based authentication

Example 2: Bug fix with context Input: Fixed the crash that happens when the user clicks the login button twice Output:

fix(login): resolve crash on double click

The login button was missing a debounce handler, allowing users to
submit multiple network requests. Added a 500ms debounce to prevent
race conditions during authentication.

Example 3: Breaking change Input: Changed the API response for the /users endpoint to return an array of objects instead of a single object Output:

feat(api)!: return array of objects from /users endpoint

BREAKING CHANGE: The `/users` endpoint now returns an array of user
objects instead of a single user object. Clients will need to update
their parsing logic.

✅ Validation

Before committing, validate your message format by running the included validation script. Ensure you locate it relative to the SKILL.md path or use find if unsure.

# Example assuming you are in the repo root:
bash skills/commit/scripts/validate-commit.sh "your commit message"