hk-open-data（香港开放数据）

Hong Kong Open Data API

Official Documentation: https://data.gov.hk/en/help/api-spec

Overview

DATA.GOV.HK provides multiple APIs for accessing government open data. All APIs use GMT+8 timezone.

API Types:

1. CKAN API - Dataset discovery and metadata
2. Data Filtering API - Query and filter dataset resources
3. Historical Archive API - Access historical versions
4. Nearest Facilities API - Location-based queries

Language Endpoints

All CKAN APIs have language-specific endpoints:

CRITICAL: Always choose the correct language endpoint for your users.

CKAN API (Dataset Discovery)

List All Datasets

import requests

# Get all dataset IDs (English)
response = requests.get("https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/package_list")
datasets = response.json()["result"]

Parameters: limit (int, optional), offset (int, optional)

# Get first 10 datasets with pagination
response = requests.get(
    "https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/package_list",
    params={"limit": 10, "offset": 0}
)

Get Dataset Metadata

# Get details of a specific dataset
dataset_id = "hk-td-tis_2-traffic-snapshot-images"
response = requests.get(
    "https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/package_show",
    params={"id": dataset_id}
)
metadata = response.json()["result"]
resources = metadata["resources"]  # List of data files/URLs

List Data Categories

response = requests.get("https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/group_list")
categories = response.json()["result"]
# Returns: ["city-management", "transport", "health", ...]

Get Datasets by Category

category_id = "transport"  # Use category ID from group_list
response = requests.get(
    "https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/group_show",
    params={"id": category_id}
)
datasets = response.json()["result"]["packages"]

Category IDs: city-management, climate-and-weather, commerce-and-industry, social-welfare, development, education, legislature, employment-and-labour, environment, finance, food, health, housing, law-and-security, population, recreation-and-culture, information-technology-and-broadcasting, tourism, transport, miscellaneous

Data Filtering API

CRITICAL: Use v2 endpoint, not v1.

Endpoint: https://api.data.gov.hk/v2/filter

Method: GET with URL-encoded JSON query parameter

Query Structure

Columns are 1-indexed (not 0-indexed).

import requests
import urllib.parse
import json

query = {
    "resource": "http://www.cr.gov.hk/datagovhk/psi/ml_licensees.csv",
    "section": 1,  # Required if dataset has sections (default: 1)
    "format": "json",  # Options: csv (default), json, xml
    "filters": [
        [1, "eq", ["3983"]],        # Column 1 equals "3983"
        [2, "nct", ["2021"]],       # Column 2 does not contain "2021"
        [3, "gt", ["100"]]          # Column 3 greater than 100
    ],
    "sorts": [
        [4, "asc"],   # Sort column 4 ascending
        [7, "desc"]   # Then column 7 descending
    ]
}

# URL encode the JSON query
url = f"https://api.data.gov.hk/v2/filter?q={urllib.parse.quote(json.dumps(query))}"
response = requests.get(url)
data = response.json()

Filter Operators

Text Only:

• eq - equals (1 operand)
• ne - not equals (1 operand)
• in - is in (2+ operands)
• ni - is not in (2+ operands)
• ct - contains (1 operand)
• nct - does not contain (1 operand)
• bw - begins with (1 operand)
• nbw - does not begin with (1 operand)
• ew - ends with (1 operand)
• new - does not end with (1 operand)

Number Only:

• lt - less than (1 operand)
• le - less than or equal (1 operand)
• gt - greater than (1 operand)
• ge - greater than or equal (1 operand)
• bt - between (2 operands)

Example - Multiple Values with "in":

query = {
    "resource": "...",
    "filters": [
        [2, "in", ["Kowloon", "Hong Kong Island", "New Territories"]]
    ]
}

Example - Range with "bt":

query = {
    "resource": "...",
    "filters": [
        [5, "bt", ["100", "500"]]  # Column 5 between 100 and 500
    ]
}

CRITICAL: Always include "section": 1 if the dataset has multiple sections. Check the dataset page or metadata to confirm.

Historical Archive API

Endpoint: https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/...

Note: Latest historical data is from yesterday (not today).

List Historical Files

response = requests.get(
    "https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/list-files",
    params={
        "start": "20230101",  # YYYYMMDD
        "end": "20231231",    # YYYYMMDD
        "category": "climate-and-weather",  # Optional
        "provider": "hk-hko",  # Optional
        "format": "csv",  # Optional: file extension
        "search": "temperature",  # Optional: keyword
        "order": "url",  # Optional: dataset-en, dataset-tc, resource-en, etc.
        "skip": 0  # Optional: pagination offset
    }
)
files = response.json()["result"]

List File Versions

response = requests.get(
    "https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/list-file-versions",
    params={
        "url": "http://www.cr.gov.hk/datagovhk/psi/ml_licensees.csv",
        "start": "20230101",
        "end": "20231231"
    }
)
versions = response.json()["result"]
# Note: Maximum 10,000 results returned

Download Historical File

response = requests.get(
    "https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/get-file",
    params={
        "url": "http://www.cr.gov.hk/datagovhk/psi/ml_licensees.csv",
        "time": "202301011230"  # YYYYMMDDHHmm
    }
)
# Response: 302 redirect to file download
# Follow redirect to get file content

Download Schema or Data Dictionary

# Schema
response = requests.get(
    "https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/get-schema",
    params={
        "url": "DATASET_URL",  # Dataset URL, not resource URL
        "date": "20230101"
    }
)

# Data Dictionary
response = requests.get(
    "https://app.data.gov.hk/v1/historical-archive/get-data-dictionary",
    params={
        "url": "DATASET_URL",
        "date": "20230101"
    }
)

Nearest Facilities API

Endpoint: https://api.data.gov.hk/v1/nearest-schools

response = requests.get(
    "https://api.data.gov.hk/v1/nearest-schools",
    params={
        "lat": 22.2812,  # WGS84 latitude
        "long": 114.1659,  # WGS84 longitude
        "max": 5  # Max results (optional, default: all, limit: 100)
    }
)
schools = response.json()["results"]
# Results ordered by distance ascending

Related Dataset: School Location and Information

Common Mistakes

Workflow: Getting Started

1. Discover datasets using CKAN package_list or group_show
2. Get metadata using package_show to find resource URLs
3. Query data using v2 Filtering API with proper filters and sections
4. For historical data use Historical Archive APIs

Error Handling

# Filtering API returns HTTP 200 with JSON
response = requests.get(url)

if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()
else:
    # Error details in JSON
    error = response.json()
    print(error.get("error", {}).get("message", "Unknown error"))

# Historical Archive API
# 200 - Success
# 302 - Redirect (for file downloads)
# 400 - Syntax error (check required parameters)
# 404 - File not available (for historical versions)

Provider IDs (Common)

Full provider list: 90+ providers available in API documentation.

Quick Reference

Real-World Example: Traffic Data

import requests
import urllib.parse
import json

# Step 1: Discover traffic datasets
response = requests.get(
    "https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/group_show",
    params={"id": "transport"}
)
datasets = response.json()["result"]["packages"]

# Step 2: Get specific dataset metadata
dataset_id = "hk-td-tis_2-traffic-snapshot-images"
response = requests.get(
    "https://data.gov.hk/en-data/api/3/action/package_show",
    params={"id": dataset_id}
)
resources = response.json()["result"]["resources"]
resource_url = resources[0]["url"]

# Step 3: Filter the data
query = {
    "resource": resource_url,
    "section": 1,
    "format": "json",
    "filters": [
        [1, "eq", ["HIGHWAY"]],
        [5, "gt", ["2024-01-01"]]
    ],
    "sorts": [[3, "desc"]]
}

url = f"https://api.data.gov.hk/v2/filter?q={urllib.parse.quote(json.dumps(query))}"
response = requests.get(url)
traffic_data = response.json()