historical-data-manager（历史数据管理器）

Historical Data Manager for Construction

Overview

Manage legacy construction data from archives, old systems, and historical records. Extract, clean, normalize, and migrate data into modern formats for analysis and benchmarking.

Business Case

Construction companies accumulate decades of project data in various formats:

• Paper records scanned to PDF
• Legacy database exports (Access, dBase, FoxPro)
• Old spreadsheet formats (Lotus 1-2-3, early Excel)
• Proprietary software exports
• Project closeout documentation

This skill helps extract value from historical data for:

• Cost benchmarking and trending
• Productivity analysis over time
• Risk pattern identification
• Estimating improvement

Technical Implementation

Historical Data Extractor

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
import pandas as pd
import re
import json

@dataclass
class HistoricalRecord:
    project_id: str
    project_name: str
    year: int
    data_type: str  # cost, schedule, labor, material
    original_format: str
    extracted_data: Dict[str, Any]
    quality_score: float
    notes: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)

class HistoricalDataManager:
    """Manage extraction and normalization of historical construction data."""

    def __init__(self, archive_path: str):
        self.archive_path = Path(archive_path)
        self.records: List[HistoricalRecord] = []
        self.normalization_rules = self._load_normalization_rules()

    def scan_archive(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
        """Scan archive and categorize files by type."""
        file_types = {}

        for file_path in self.archive_path.rglob('*'):
            if file_path.is_file():
                ext = file_path.suffix.lower()
                file_types[ext] = file_types.get(ext, 0) + 1

        return file_types

    def extract_from_legacy_excel(self, file_path: str, year: int) -> List[HistoricalRecord]:
        """Extract data from legacy Excel files."""
        records = []

        try:
            # Try different engines for old formats
            try:
                df = pd.read_excel(file_path, engine='openpyxl')
            except:
                df = pd.read_excel(file_path, engine='xlrd')

            # Detect data type from content
            data_type = self._detect_data_type(df)

            # Normalize column names
            df = self._normalize_columns(df)

            # Extract project info
            project_info = self._extract_project_info(df, file_path)

            record = HistoricalRecord(
                project_id=project_info.get('id', f'LEGACY-{year}-{hash(file_path) % 10000}'),
                project_name=project_info.get('name', Path(file_path).stem),
                year=year,
                data_type=data_type,
                original_format='excel',
                extracted_data=df.to_dict('records'),
                quality_score=self._assess_quality(df)
            )
            records.append(record)

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error extracting {file_path}: {e}")

        return records

    def extract_from_csv(self, file_path: str, year: int) -> HistoricalRecord:
        """Extract data from CSV files with encoding detection."""
        # Try different encodings
        encodings = ['utf-8', 'latin-1', 'cp1252', 'iso-8859-1']

        for encoding in encodings:
            try:
                df = pd.read_csv(file_path, encoding=encoding)
                break
            except:
                continue

        df = self._normalize_columns(df)
        data_type = self._detect_data_type(df)

        return HistoricalRecord(
            project_id=f'CSV-{year}-{hash(file_path) % 10000}',
            project_name=Path(file_path).stem,
            year=year,
            data_type=data_type,
            original_format='csv',
            extracted_data=df.to_dict('records'),
            quality_score=self._assess_quality(df)
        )

    def extract_from_database_export(self, file_path: str, db_type: str) -> List[HistoricalRecord]:
        """Extract data from legacy database exports."""
        records = []

        if db_type == 'access':
            # Read Access MDB/ACCDB files
            import pyodbc
            conn_str = f'DRIVER={{Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb, *.accdb)}};DBQ={file_path}'
            conn = pyodbc.connect(conn_str)

            # Get all tables
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            tables = [row.table_name for row in cursor.tables(tableType='TABLE')]

            for table in tables:
                df = pd.read_sql(f'SELECT * FROM [{table}]', conn)
                # Process each table...

            conn.close()

        return records

    def normalize_cost_data(self, records: List[HistoricalRecord], base_year: int = 2026) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """Normalize historical cost data to current dollars."""
        # RSMeans historical cost indices (example values)
        cost_indices = {
            2015: 0.82, 2016: 0.84, 2017: 0.87, 2018: 0.90,
            2019: 0.93, 2020: 0.95, 2021: 0.98, 2022: 1.02,
            2023: 1.06, 2024: 1.10, 2025: 1.14, 2026: 1.18
        }

        normalized_data = []

        for record in records:
            if record.data_type == 'cost':
                year_index = cost_indices.get(record.year, 1.0)
                base_index = cost_indices.get(base_year, 1.18)
                escalation_factor = base_index / year_index

                for item in record.extracted_data:
                    if 'amount' in item or 'cost' in item:
                        original_cost = item.get('amount') or item.get('cost', 0)
                        normalized_item = item.copy()
                        normalized_item['original_cost'] = original_cost
                        normalized_item['normalized_cost'] = original_cost * escalation_factor
                        normalized_item['escalation_factor'] = escalation_factor
                        normalized_item['original_year'] = record.year
                        normalized_item['project_id'] = record.project_id
                        normalized_data.append(normalized_item)

        return pd.DataFrame(normalized_data)

    def _detect_data_type(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> str:
        """Detect type of data from column names and content."""
        columns_lower = [c.lower() for c in df.columns]

        if any(c in columns_lower for c in ['cost', 'amount', 'price', 'total', 'budget']):
            return 'cost'
        elif any(c in columns_lower for c in ['start', 'finish', 'duration', 'task', 'activity']):
            return 'schedule'
        elif any(c in columns_lower for c in ['hours', 'labor', 'worker', 'crew']):
            return 'labor'
        elif any(c in columns_lower for c in ['material', 'quantity', 'unit', 'supplier']):
            return 'material'
        else:
            return 'unknown'

    def _normalize_columns(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """Normalize column names to standard format."""
        column_mapping = {
            r'proj.*id': 'project_id',
            r'proj.*name': 'project_name',
            r'desc.*': 'description',
            r'qty|quantity': 'quantity',
            r'unit.*cost|unit.*price': 'unit_cost',
            r'total|amount': 'amount',
            r'start.*date': 'start_date',
            r'end.*date|finish.*date': 'end_date',
            r'dur.*': 'duration',
        }

        new_columns = {}
        for col in df.columns:
            col_lower = col.lower().strip()
            for pattern, new_name in column_mapping.items():
                if re.match(pattern, col_lower):
                    new_columns[col] = new_name
                    break

        return df.rename(columns=new_columns)

    def _assess_quality(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> float:
        """Assess data quality score (0-1)."""
        if df.empty:
            return 0.0

        scores = []

        # Completeness: % of non-null values
        completeness = 1 - (df.isnull().sum().sum() / df.size)
        scores.append(completeness)

        # Column quality: has meaningful column names
        meaningful_cols = sum(1 for c in df.columns if len(c) > 2 and not c.startswith('Unnamed'))
        col_quality = meaningful_cols / len(df.columns)
        scores.append(col_quality)

        # Row count: more data is better (capped at 1.0)
        row_score = min(len(df) / 100, 1.0)
        scores.append(row_score)

        return sum(scores) / len(scores)

    def _extract_project_info(self, df: pd.DataFrame, file_path: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Extract project info from data or filename."""
        info = {}

        # Try to find project info in data
        for col in df.columns:
            if 'project' in col.lower() and 'id' in col.lower():
                info['id'] = str(df[col].iloc[0]) if not df[col].empty else None
            if 'project' in col.lower() and 'name' in col.lower():
                info['name'] = str(df[col].iloc[0]) if not df[col].empty else None

        # Fallback to filename
        if 'name' not in info:
            info['name'] = Path(file_path).stem

        return info

    def _load_normalization_rules(self) -> Dict:
        """Load rules for normalizing legacy data."""
        return {
            'unit_conversions': {
                'M': 1000,  # Thousand
                'C': 100,   # Hundred
                'LF': 1,    # Linear Foot
                'SF': 1,    # Square Foot
                'CY': 1,    # Cubic Yard
            },
            'date_formats': [
                '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', '%Y-%m-%d',
                '%d-%b-%Y', '%B %d, %Y'
            ]
        }

    def generate_migration_report(self) -> str:
        """Generate report on migrated data."""
        report = ["# Historical Data Migration Report", ""]

        # Summary
        report.append("## Summary")
        report.append(f"- Total Records: {len(self.records)}")

        by_type = {}
        by_year = {}
        for r in self.records:
            by_type[r.data_type] = by_type.get(r.data_type, 0) + 1
            by_year[r.year] = by_year.get(r.year, 0) + 1

        report.append("\
### By Data Type")
        for dt, count in sorted(by_type.items()):
            report.append(f"- {dt}: {count}")

        report.append("\
### By Year")
        for year, count in sorted(by_year.items()):
            report.append(f"- {year}: {count}")

        # Quality Assessment
        report.append("\
## Data Quality")
        avg_quality = sum(r.quality_score for r in self.records) / len(self.records) if self.records else 0
        report.append(f"- Average Quality Score: {avg_quality:.2%}")

        low_quality = [r for r in self.records if r.quality_score < 0.5]
        if low_quality:
            report.append(f"\
### Low Quality Records ({len(low_quality)})")
            for r in low_quality[:10]:
                report.append(f"- {r.project_name} ({r.year}): {r.quality_score:.2%}")

        return "\
".join(report)

Legacy System Connectors

class LegacySystemConnector:
    """Connect to various legacy construction systems."""

    @staticmethod
    def read_timberline_export(file_path: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """Read Sage Timberline (now Sage 300) export files."""
        # Timberline exports typically have specific format
        df = pd.read_csv(file_path, encoding='cp1252')

        # Map Timberline columns to standard
        column_map = {
            'JOB': 'project_id',
            'PHASE': 'phase_code',
            'CATEGORY': 'cost_code',
            'DESCRIPTION': 'description',
            'ESTIMATE': 'estimated_cost',
            'ACTUAL': 'actual_cost',
            'COMMITTED': 'committed_cost'
        }

        return df.rename(columns=column_map)

    @staticmethod
    def read_primavera_xer(file_path: str) -> Dict[str, pd.DataFrame]:
        """Read Primavera P6 XER export files."""
        tables = {}
        current_table = None
        current_data = []
        columns = []

        with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            for line in f:
                line = line.strip()
                if line.startswith('%T'):
                    # Save previous table
                    if current_table and current_data:
                        tables[current_table] = pd.DataFrame(current_data, columns=columns)
                    # Start new table
                    current_table = line.split('\	')[1] if '\	' in line else None
                    current_data = []
                    columns = []
                elif line.startswith('%F'):
                    # Field definitions
                    columns = line.split('\	')[1:]
                elif line.startswith('%R'):
                    # Data row
                    current_data.append(line.split('\	')[1:])

        # Save last table
        if current_table and current_data:
            tables[current_table] = pd.DataFrame(current_data, columns=columns)

        return tables

    @staticmethod
    def read_mc2_ice(file_path: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
        """Read MC2 ICE estimating export."""
        # MC2 ICE format handling
        pass

Quick Start

# Initialize manager
manager = HistoricalDataManager('/archive/projects')

# Scan archive
file_types = manager.scan_archive()
print(f"Found: {file_types}")

# Extract from legacy Excel files
for year in range(2015, 2024):
    year_path = f'/archive/projects/{year}'
    for file in Path(year_path).glob('*.xls*'):
        records = manager.extract_from_legacy_excel(str(file), year)
        manager.records.extend(records)

# Normalize cost data to 2026 dollars
cost_records = [r for r in manager.records if r.data_type == 'cost']
normalized_costs = manager.normalize_cost_data(cost_records, base_year=2026)

# Generate migration report
report = manager.generate_migration_report()
print(report)

# Export for analysis
normalized_costs.to_excel('historical_costs_normalized.xlsx', index=False)

Common Use Cases

1. Cost Benchmarking: Normalize historical costs for comparison
2. Productivity Analysis: Track labor productivity over time
3. Risk Identification: Find patterns in historical project issues
4. Estimating Calibration: Improve estimates with historical data

Dependencies

pip install pandas openpyxl xlrd pyodbc

Resources

• RSMeans Historical Cost Index: For cost escalation
• ENR Construction Cost Index: Alternative escalation source
• Legacy Format Documentation: Vendor-specific export formats