elasticsearch-expert（弹性搜索专家）

Elasticsearch Expert

Expert guidance for Elasticsearch, search optimization, ELK stack, and distributed search systems.

Core Concepts

• Full-text search and inverted indexes
• Document-oriented storage
• RESTful API
• Distributed architecture with sharding
• ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
• Aggregations and analytics

Index Management

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(['http://localhost:9200'])

# Create index with mapping
mapping = {
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "title": {"type": "text", "analyzer": "english"},
            "content": {"type": "text"},
            "author": {"type": "keyword"},
            "created_at": {"type": "date"},
            "views": {"type": "integer"}
        }
    }
}

es.indices.create(index='articles', body=mapping)

# Index document
doc = {
    "title": "Elasticsearch Guide",
    "content": "Complete guide to Elasticsearch",
    "author": "John Doe",
    "created_at": "2024-01-01",
    "views": 100
}

es.index(index='articles', id=1, body=doc)

# Bulk indexing
from elasticsearch.helpers import bulk

actions = [
    {"_index": "articles", "_id": i, "_source": doc}
    for i, doc in enumerate(documents)
]

bulk(es, actions)

Search Queries

# Full-text search
query = {
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "content": "elasticsearch guide"
        }
    }
}

results = es.search(index='articles', body=query)

# Boolean query
bool_query = {
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must": [
                {"match": {"content": "elasticsearch"}}
            ],
            "filter": [
                {"range": {"views": {"gte": 100}}}
            ],
            "should": [
                {"term": {"author": "john-doe"}}
            ],
            "must_not": [
                {"term": {"status": "draft"}}
            ]
        }
    }
}

# Multi-match query
multi_match = {
    "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query": "elasticsearch guide",
            "fields": ["title^2", "content"],  # Boost title
            "type": "best_fields"
        }
    }
}

# Fuzzy search
fuzzy = {
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
            "title": {
                "value": "elasticseerch",
                "fuzziness": "AUTO"
            }
        }
    }
}

Aggregations

# Aggregation query
agg_query = {
    "aggs": {
        "authors": {
            "terms": {
                "field": "author",
                "size": 10
            }
        },
        "avg_views": {
            "avg": {
                "field": "views"
            }
        },
        "views_histogram": {
            "histogram": {
                "field": "views",
                "interval": 100
            }
        },
        "date_histogram": {
            "date_histogram": {
                "field": "created_at",
                "calendar_interval": "month"
            }
        }
    }
}

result = es.search(index='articles', body=agg_query)

Best Practices

• Design mappings carefully
• Use appropriate analyzers
• Implement proper sharding strategy
• Monitor cluster health
• Use bulk operations
• Implement pagination with search_after
• Cache frequently used queries

Anti-Patterns

❌ Deep pagination with from/size ❌ Wildcard queries without prefix ❌ No replica shards ❌ Over-sharding ❌ Not using filters for exact matches ❌ Ignoring cluster yellow/red status

Resources

• Elasticsearch Guide: https://www.elastic.co/guide/
• ELK Stack: https://www.elastic.co/elk-stack