User Stories
User stories are concise descriptions of functionality from the user's perspective. They capture who needs something, what they need, and why. without prescribing how to build it. Good user stories enable teams to break large features into estimable, deliverable increments while maintaining focus on user value.
When to Use
- After PRD approval, when breaking down features for implementation
- During sprint planning to create actionable work items
- When writing tickets for engineering teams
- When communicating requirements to stakeholders in accessible terms
- When prioritizing a backlog based on user value
Instructions
When asked to create user stories, follow these steps:
- Understand the Feature Context Review the PRD or feature description. Understand the overall goal, target users, and scope boundaries. User stories should trace back to documented requirements.
- Identify User Personas Determine which users interact with this feature. Each story should be written for a specific persona, not generic "users." Different personas may need different stories for the same feature.
- Break Down by User Goal Decompose the feature into distinct user goals. Each story should deliver a complete, valuable capability. something the user can actually do when the story is done.
- Write Story Statements Use the format: "As a [persona], I want [action] so that [benefit]." The benefit clause is critical. it explains why this matters and helps prioritize.
- Define Acceptance Criteria Write specific, testable criteria using Given/When/Then format. Acceptance criteria define "done". if all criteria pass, the story is complete.
- Apply INVEST Criteria Validate each story against INVEST: Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable. Revise stories that don't meet these criteria.
- Add Context and Notes Include relevant design references, technical considerations, and dependencies. These help implementers understand the full picture.
Output Format
Use the template in references/TEMPLATE.md to structure the output.
Quality Checklist
Before finalizing, verify:
- Each story follows "As a... I want... so that..." format
- Stories are independent (can be built in any order)
- Acceptance criteria use Given/When/Then format
- Each criterion is testable (someone can verify pass/fail)
- Stories are small enough to complete in one sprint
- No implementation details in the story statement
- Benefit clause explains why this matters to the user
Examples
See references/EXAMPLE.md for a completed example.