ddd-microservices（DDD 微服务）

When to use this skill

Use this skill whenever the user wants to:

• Use DDD to define microservice boundaries (bounded contexts, aggregates, domain events)
• Design inter-service contracts and event-driven communication
• Implement cross-service consistency, querying, and operational strategies
• Decide between synchronous (REST/gRPC) and asynchronous (events/messaging) communication

How to use this skill

Workflow

1. Map bounded contexts to identify natural service boundaries
2. Define aggregates within each service for data consistency
3. Design communication: synchronous for queries and strong consistency; asynchronous (domain events) for decoupling
4. Ensure data ownership: each service owns its database; share data via APIs or events

1. Bounded Context to Service Mapping

E-Commerce Domain:
├── Order Service        ← Order bounded context
│   ├── Order aggregate
│   └── OrderPlaced event
├── Inventory Service    ← Inventory bounded context
│   ├── Product aggregate
│   └── StockReserved event
├── Payment Service      ← Payment bounded context
│   ├── Payment aggregate
│   └── PaymentCompleted event
└── Notification Service ← Cross-cutting
    └── Subscribes to all domain events

2. Synchronous Communication (Feign/gRPC)

@FeignClient(name = "inventory-service")
public interface InventoryClient {
    @GetMapping("/api/products/{id}/stock")
    StockInfo getStock(@PathVariable String id);
}

3. Asynchronous Communication (Domain Events)

// Order Service publishes
@Transactional
public void placeOrder(PlaceOrderCommand cmd) {
    Order order = Order.create(cmd);
    orderRepository.save(order);
    eventPublisher.publish(new OrderPlacedEvent(order.getId(), order.getItems()));
}

// Inventory Service subscribes
@EventListener
public void onOrderPlaced(OrderPlacedEvent event) {
    inventoryService.reserveStock(event.getItems());
}

4. Database per Service

Order Service      → order_db (PostgreSQL)
Inventory Service  → inventory_db (PostgreSQL)
Payment Service    → payment_db (PostgreSQL)

Best Practices

• Define bounded contexts clearly before splitting into services; avoid premature decomposition
• Use domain events to express cross-aggregate and cross-service facts; ensure idempotency and ordering
• Define clear SLAs, data ownership, and failure boundaries for each service
• Prefer eventual consistency with compensating transactions (Saga pattern) over distributed transactions

Resources

• Building Microservices by Sam Newman
• Domain-Driven Design by Eric Evans
• https://microservices.io/

Keywords

ddd microservices, bounded context, aggregate, domain events, service boundary, Saga pattern, CQRS, database per service, eventual consistency, API gateway