dart-package-management（飞镖包管理）

Managing Dart Packages

Contents

• Package Layout Conventions
• Pubspec Configuration
• Monorepo Workspaces
• Workflows
• Examples

Package Layout Conventions

Structure Dart packages using standardized directories to ensure tooling compatibility and clear API boundaries.

• lib/: Place public libraries and assets here. Export only the public API surface.
• lib/src/: Place internal implementation files here. Never import from another package's lib/src/. Use relative imports within your own package when importing from lib/src/ to lib/.
• bin/: Place public command-line executables here.
• tool/: Place internal scripts and tools (e.g., code generation, documentation scripts) here.
• test/: Place unit tests here, suffixed with _test.dart.
• integration_test/: Place slow, integration-level tests here.
• example/: Place standalone example programs demonstrating package usage. Use package: imports to reference the parent package.
• web/: Place web-specific entrypoints (main.dart) and assets (index.html, CSS) here.
• hook/: Place SDK build hooks (e.g., build.dart) here.

Pubspec Configuration

Maintain a valid pubspec.yaml at the root of every package.

• Version Constraints: Use caret syntax (^) for dependency version constraints (e.g., ^3.2.0) to allow non-breaking updates.
• SDK Constraints: Always define an environment with a lower-bound SDK constraint.
• Public Assets: Explicitly list all public assets (images, fonts) required by the package.
• Executables: Map scripts from bin/ to command names under the executables field.
• Metadata: Include name, version, description, repository, and issue_tracker for published packages.
• Topics: Categorize published packages using the topics field (max 5 topics, lowercase alphanumeric and hyphens).
• False Secrets: Use the false_secrets field with gitignore patterns to prevent false positives during pub's pre-publish leak detection.

Monorepo Workspaces

Implement workspaces in monorepos to share dependencies across local packages, reducing memory usage and ensuring version consistency.

• Root Pubspec: Define the workspace at the repository root. Set publish_to: none, require SDK ^3.6.0 or higher, and use the workspace field with glob patterns (e.g., packages/*).
• Child Pubspecs: In each workspace package, require SDK ^3.6.0 or higher and set resolution: workspace.
• Interdependencies: Depend on other workspace packages normally. Pub automatically resolves to the local workspace version.
• Overrides: Place dependency_overrides in the root pubspec.yaml to apply them globally across the workspace.

Workflows

Setting up a Monorepo Workspace

Use this checklist to convert a standard repository into a Dart workspace.

• Create a root pubspec.yaml.
• Set publish_to: none and environment: sdk: ^3.6.0 in the root pubspec.
• Add the workspace: field to the root pubspec using glob patterns (e.g., - packages/*).
• Update all child pubspec.yaml files to include environment: sdk: ^3.6.0 (or higher).
• Add resolution: workspace to all child pubspec.yaml files.
• Run dart pub get at the repository root.
• Feedback Loop: Run validator -> review errors -> fix. Ensure no stray pubspec.lock or .dart_tool/package_config.json files exist in child directories. If resolution fails, align conflicting dependency versions across child packages.

Managing Dependencies

• Run dart pub get to fetch dependencies and generate the package_config.json.
• Run dart pub upgrade to update dependencies to their latest compatible versions.
• Commit pubspec.lock ONLY for application packages. Omit it for library packages.

Examples

Standard Library Pubspec

name: enchilada
description: A comprehensive toolkit for newt transmogrification.
version: 1.2.3
repository: https://github.com/example/enchilada
issue_tracker: https://github.com/example/enchilada/issues

environment:
  sdk: ^3.6.0

dependencies:
  path: ^1.8.0
  transmogrify: ^0.4.0

dev_dependencies:
  test: ^2.0.0
  lints: ^3.0.0

executables:
  enchilada: main

topics:
  - transmogrification
  - utilities

Workspace Root Pubspec

name: my_monorepo
publish_to: none

environment:
  sdk: ^3.6.0

workspace:
  - packages/*

# Apply overrides globally across all workspace packages
dependency_overrides:
  transmogrify: ^0.5.0-dev

Workspace Child Pubspec

name: client_package
description: The client application for the monorepo.
version: 1.0.0
publish_to: none

environment:
  sdk: ^3.6.0

resolution: workspace

dependencies:
  shared_package: ^1.0.0 # Resolves locally within the workspace
  http: ^1.1.0