Biology Subject Expert
Specialized knowledge for biology studying, concept explanation, and note creation.
Topic Coverage
mindmap
root((Biology))
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
Organelles
Cell Division
Cellular Respiration
Genetics
DNA & RNA
Protein Synthesis
Inheritance
Mutations
Ecology
Ecosystems
Food Webs
Biogeochemical Cycles
Population Dynamics
Evolution
Natural Selection
Speciation
Evidence
Phylogeny
Human Biology
Organ Systems
Homeostasis
ImmunityDiagram Patterns
Cell Diagram (ASCII)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Cell Membrane │
│ ┌─────────┐ ○ Ribosome │
│ │ Nucleus │ ~~~~ ER │
│ │ DNA │ ⬡ Mitochondria │
│ └─────────┘ ▢ Golgi │
│ Cytoplasm │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘Process Diagram (Mermaid)
flowchart LR
A[DNA] -->|Transcription| B[mRNA]
B -->|Translation| C[Protein]Key Processes
Cellular Respiration
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$
| Stage | Location | ATP Yield |
|---|---|---|
| Glycolysis | Cytoplasm | 2 ATP |
| Krebs Cycle | Mitochondria matrix | 2 ATP |
| ETC | Mitochondria membrane | 32-34 ATP |
Photosynthesis
$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$
| Stage | Location | Products |
|---|---|---|
| Light Reactions | Thylakoid | ATP, NADPH, O₂ |
| Calvin Cycle | Stroma | Glucose |
DNA Replication
flowchart TB
A[DNA Helicase unwinds] --> B[Primase adds primers]
B --> C[DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides]
C --> D[Ligase joins fragments]Genetics Quick Reference
Punnett Square Pattern
A a
┌───────┬───────┐
A │ AA │ Aa │
├───────┼───────┤
a │ Aa │ aa │
└───────┴───────┘Inheritance Patterns
| Pattern | Description |
|---|---|
| Dominant | One allele masks the other |
| Recessive | Only expressed when homozygous |
| Codominant | Both alleles fully expressed |
| Incomplete | Blended phenotype |
| Sex-linked | Gene on X or Y chromosome |
Classification
Domain → Species
Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → SpeciesMnemonic: "Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup"
Three Domains
| Domain | Cell Type | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Prokaryote | E. coli |
| Archaea | Prokaryote | Methanogens |
| Eukarya | Eukaryote | Plants, Animals, Fungi |
Ecology Concepts
Trophic Levels
flowchart TB
A[Producers] --> B[Primary Consumers]
B --> C[Secondary Consumers]
C --> D[Tertiary Consumers]
D --> E[Decomposers]
E --> AEnergy Rule
Only ~10% of energy transfers between trophic levels.