account-security（账户安全）

Account Security

Overview

Customer accounts hold saved payment methods, loyalty points, purchase history, and shipping addresses — making them high-value targets for credential-stuffing attacks and account takeovers. Effective account security layers brute-force protection on the login page, breach-exposed password detection, optional multi-factor authentication (MFA), and anomaly detection for account takeover patterns. The right approach depends heavily on your platform — Shopify manages most security controls at the platform level, while WooCommerce requires additional plugins.

When to Use This Skill

• When building a customer account system from scratch
• When auditing an existing account system for security weaknesses
• When observing credential stuffing attacks (high login failure rates from distributed IPs)
• When adding MFA as an optional or required layer for high-value customers
• When implementing "Sign in with Google/Apple" as a more secure alternative to passwords

Core Instructions

Step 1: Understand your platform's security model

Step 2: Platform-specific account security setup

Shopify

Shopify handles the majority of customer account security at the platform level — you do not manage SSL, brute-force detection, or password hashing yourself.

Enable new customer accounts (passwordless login): Shopify offers two account experiences:

1. Go to Settings → Customer accounts
2. New customer accounts (recommended): customers log in with a one-time 6-digit code sent to their email or phone; no password to steal or brute-force
3. Classic customer accounts: traditional email/password accounts

Switching to new customer accounts (passwordless) eliminates the most common attack vectors: credential stuffing and brute force.

Two-step verification for admin accounts:

1. Go to Settings → Users and permissions
2. Click on a user → enable Two-step authentication required
3. Shopify supports authenticator apps (TOTP) and SMS for admin 2FA

Social login (Google/Facebook/Apple): Install a social login app from the Shopify App Store:

• Oxi Social Login — supports Google, Facebook, Apple, LinkedIn
• NDNAPPS Social Login — supports Google, Facebook, Apple These apps add social login buttons to the account creation and login pages.

Detecting suspicious customer activity: Shopify does not expose customer login events for programmatic monitoring. For advanced monitoring, use Shopify's Fraud analysis in orders to detect account takeovers combined with fraudulent purchases.

WooCommerce

WooCommerce's built-in login form has no rate limiting, MFA, or advanced security. You must add these via plugins.

Install Wordfence Security (free, recommended):

1. Install and activate Wordfence Security from the WordPress plugin directory
2. Go to Wordfence → Login Security
3. Enable Brute Force Protection:

- Lock out after X failed attempts (default: 20) - Lock out duration (default: 4 hours) - Count failures over X minutes (default: 5 minutes)

1. Enable Two-Factor Authentication for admin users (Wordfence supports authenticator app TOTP)

Limit Login Attempts Reloaded (free alternative for just rate limiting):

1. Install Limit Login Attempts Reloaded
2. Configure: lockout after 4 failures, lock for 20 minutes, notify by email after 4 lockouts

Customer-facing 2FA:

1. Install miniOrange 2 Factor Authentication or WP 2FA plugin
2. Configure to allow (or require) 2FA for customers
3. WP 2FA supports TOTP (Google Authenticator, Authy), email codes, and backup codes

Social login for WooCommerce: Install Nextend Social Login (free/premium) — supports Google, Facebook, Apple, and Twitter/X sign-in on WooCommerce login and registration pages.

Compromised password detection: Install WPassword or implement a custom check against the HaveIBeenPwned API during registration and password changes.

BigCommerce

Admin two-factor authentication:

1. Go to Settings → Account Settings → Security
2. Enable Two-Step Verification; BigCommerce supports authenticator apps and SMS

Customer account security: BigCommerce does not expose customer-facing 2FA natively. Options:

• Use Stencil (BigCommerce's storefront framework) to add a custom verification step on the customer login page
• Use an identity provider (Auth0, Okta) for customer authentication — this provides full MFA support and credential monitoring

Google/Social sign-in for BigCommerce: Integrate via BigCommerce's customer login API with a social identity provider. Auth0 provides a turnkey solution with a BigCommerce integration.

Custom / Headless

For custom storefronts, implement security controls at each layer.

Rate limiting on the login endpoint:

import { Ratelimit } from '@upstash/ratelimit';
import { Redis } from '@upstash/redis';

const redis = Redis.fromEnv();
const ipLimiter = new Ratelimit({ redis, limiter: Ratelimit.slidingWindow(20, '15 m'), prefix: 'rl_login_ip' });
const accountLimiter = new Ratelimit({ redis, limiter: Ratelimit.slidingWindow(5, '15 m'), prefix: 'rl_login_email' });

export async function checkLoginRateLimit(ip: string, email: string) {
  const [ipResult, accountResult] = await Promise.all([
    ipLimiter.limit(ip),
    accountLimiter.limit(email.toLowerCase()),
  ]);
  if (!ipResult.success) throw new Error('TOO_MANY_REQUESTS_IP');
  if (!accountResult.success) throw new Error('ACCOUNT_TEMPORARILY_LOCKED');
}

Secure password hashing (Argon2id):

import { hash, verify } from 'argon2';

export const hashPassword = (password: string) =>
  hash(password, { type: 2 /* argon2id */, memoryCost: 65536, timeCost: 3, parallelism: 4 });

export const verifyPassword = (storedHash: string, password: string) =>
  verify(storedHash, password);

TOTP-based MFA:

import { authenticator } from 'otplib';

export function generateMFASecret(): string {
  return authenticator.generateSecret(32);
}

export function verifyTOTP(secret: string, token: string): boolean {
  authenticator.options = { window: 1 }; // Allow ±30-second drift only
  return authenticator.verify({ token, secret });
}

Secure session cookies:

// Set session cookies with httpOnly, Secure, SameSite=Strict
response.cookies.set('session_token', token, {
  httpOnly: true,    // Not accessible to JavaScript — prevents XSS theft
  secure: true,      // HTTPS only
  sameSite: 'strict', // CSRF protection
  maxAge: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60,
  path: '/',
});

Send security alert emails for sensitive account changes: Always notify customers via email when:

• Password is changed
• Email address is changed
• A new device or location logs in
• MFA is disabled

Best Practices

• Use passwordless login when possible — Shopify's new customer accounts use one-time codes, eliminating the credential-stuffing attack surface entirely
• Return the same error for "user not found" and "wrong password" — never reveal which was wrong; this prevents user enumeration
• Offer MFA, but only require it for admin and high-value accounts — mandatory MFA for all customers increases abandonment; use it for B2B, admin, and customers with saved payment methods
• Send security alert emails for every sensitive change — password changes, email changes, new device logins, and MFA changes must trigger immediate notification to the customer's confirmed email
• Review and rotate admin credentials quarterly — a compromised admin account can expose all customer data
• Use Social login (Google/Apple) as a more secure alternative — these providers handle password security and may prompt for their own MFA

Common Pitfalls

Related Skills

• @secure-checkout
• @fraud-detection
• @gdpr-ecommerce
• @bot-protection