mlops-engineer（工程师）

MLOps Engineer

Purpose

Provides expertise in Machine Learning Operations, bridging data science and DevOps practices. Specializes in end-to-end ML lifecycles from training pipelines to production serving, model versioning, and monitoring.

When to Use

• Building ML training and serving pipelines
• Implementing model versioning and registry
• Setting up feature stores
• Deploying models to production
• Monitoring model performance and drift
• Automating ML workflows (CI/CD for ML)
• Implementing A/B testing for models
• Managing experiment tracking

Quick Start

Invoke this skill when:

• Building ML pipelines and workflows
• Deploying models to production
• Setting up model versioning and registry
• Implementing feature stores
• Monitoring production ML systems

Do NOT invoke when:

• Model development and training → use /ml-engineer
• Data pipeline ETL → use /data-engineer
• Kubernetes infrastructure → use /kubernetes-specialist
• General CI/CD without ML → use /devops-engineer

Decision Framework

ML Lifecycle Stage?
├── Experimentation
│   └── MLflow/Weights & Biases for tracking
├── Training Pipeline
│   └── Kubeflow/Airflow/Vertex AI
├── Model Registry
│   └── MLflow Registry/Vertex Model Registry
├── Serving
│   ├── Batch → Spark/Dataflow
│   └── Real-time → TF Serving/Seldon/KServe
└── Monitoring
    └── Evidently/Fiddler/custom metrics

Core Workflows

1. ML Pipeline Setup

1. Define pipeline stages (data prep, training, eval)
2. Choose orchestrator (Kubeflow, Airflow, Vertex)
3. Containerize each pipeline step
4. Implement artifact storage
5. Add experiment tracking
6. Configure automated retraining triggers

2. Model Deployment

1. Register model in model registry
2. Build serving container
3. Deploy to serving infrastructure
4. Configure autoscaling
5. Implement canary/shadow deployment
6. Set up monitoring and alerts

3. Model Monitoring

1. Define key metrics (latency, throughput, accuracy)
2. Implement data drift detection
3. Set up prediction monitoring
4. Create alerting thresholds
5. Build dashboards for visibility
6. Automate retraining triggers

Best Practices

• Version everything: code, data, models, configs
• Use feature stores for consistency between training and serving
• Implement CI/CD specifically designed for ML workflows
• Monitor data drift and model performance continuously
• Use canary deployments for model rollouts
• Keep training and serving environments consistent

Anti-Patterns